Hi Cooledge,
Sorry to hear about the trouble caused.
Acrobat is capable of printing double sided document, unless your printer supports it. As per the given settings, if dialog box is checked then you may check whether your printer drivers are installed or not? Print double-sided | Adobe Acrobat, Reader DC
Here is a forums discussion about the same issue No Option to Print on Both Sides of Paper? please try the suggestions provided.
Thanks,
Akanchha